1. The urgency of the thesis
In 1848, Marxism marked an important turning point in the history of
socialist ideology, bringing socialism from utopianism into science. Based
on the concept of historical materialism, K. Marx and F. Engel made
scientific predictions about the emergence of a new socio-economic form:
socialist socio-economic form with the common rules that underpin the
building of socialism, communism, and pointed out that the application of
these universal rules must always be based on "real land", in accordance
with the specific conditions of each country.
After the Russian October Revolution in 1917, socialism moved
from a theory to reality. Particularly, since World War II, socialism has
become a world system. The socialist countries on the way of development
apply the common rules that Marxism-Leninism has shown and achieve
brilliant achievements in the fields of economics, politics, literature.
chemical, social, scientific-technical, security-defense, etc.
However, besides the achievements, the socialist countries also have
limitations in the perception and building of socialism: the absolutization
of the general law, belittlement of specific laws; considering the
experience of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the construction
of socialism as the fundamental basis for the entire international
communist movement, etc. This led to the application of Soviet model
dogmas to the socialist state, which degrades creativity and exploration of
its own path of development. When the Soviet model does not fit a reality
of crisis, the crisis affects the whole system.
